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# 🏛️ Java Architecture — Patterns & Conventions
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Both Java projects in `pi_mcps` follow standard Jakarta EE layered architecture patterns, built with NetBeans and deployed on JBoss/WildFly. This page documents the common design patterns, conventions, and technology choices shared across [`wellmann-shop`](wellmann-shop) and [`mss-failsafe`](mss-failsafe).
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## Layered Architecture
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Web Layer (JSF/XHTML Facelets) │
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│ PrimeFaces components + CSS │
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└──────────────────┬──────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Controller Layer │
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│ @Named CDI beans (@SessionScoped / │
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│ @RequestScoped) as JSF backing beans │
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└──────────────────┬──────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Business/Service Layer │
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│ @Named @SessionScoped CDI beans │
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│ Business logic, validation, workflows │
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└──────────────────┬──────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Persistence Layer │
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│ JPA entities + @PersistenceContext │
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│ EntityManager, TypedQuery, JPQL │
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└──────────────────┬──────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Database │
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│ MySQL (wellmann-shop) / configurable │
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│ Via persistence.xml data source │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Key Patterns Used
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### Controller Pattern (JSF Backing Beans)
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CDI `@Named` + `@SessionScoped` or `@RequestScoped` beans act as JSF backing beans:
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```java
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@Named(value = "itemManager")
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@SessionScoped
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public class ItemManager implements Serializable {
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@Inject
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private Customer activeCustomer;
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@PersistenceContext(unitName = "MySQL-Wellmann")
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private EntityManager em;
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// JSF-bound methods — called from .xhtml via EL expressions
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public List<Item> getActiveTickets() { ... }
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}
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```
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Key characteristics:
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- `@Named` registers the bean for EL access: `#{itemManager.activeTickets}`
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- `@SessionScoped` maintains state across HTTP requests in the user session
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- `Serializable` required for session passivation
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- `@Inject` for CDI dependency injection between beans
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### JPA Entity Pattern
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Entities are plain POJOs with JPA annotations:
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```java
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@Entity
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@Table(name = "ticket")
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public class Ticket {
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@Id
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@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
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private Long id;
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@ManyToOne
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@JoinColumn(name = "machine_id")
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private Machine machine;
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@OneToMany(mappedBy = "ticket", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
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private List<Comment> comments;
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}
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```
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- Entities in `mssfailsafe.datalayer` are shared as a JAR dependency across WAR modules
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- `@Transactional` on service methods for transaction demarcation
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- `TypedQuery` + JPQL for type-safe queries
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### JPA Facade Pattern (wellmann-shop)
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NetBeans-generated Facade classes encapsulate entity access:
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```java
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// Generated by NetBeans — wraps EntityManager CRUD operations
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public class PaperFacade {
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@PersistenceContext(unitName = "MySQL-Wellmann")
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private EntityManager em;
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public Paper find(Object id) { return em.find(Paper.class, id); }
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public List<Paper> findAll() { ... }
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public void create(Paper entity) { em.persist(entity); }
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public void edit(Paper entity) { em.merge(entity); }
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public void remove(Paper entity) { em.remove(em.merge(entity)); }
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}
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```
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### Security Pattern
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**wellmann-shop** uses Jakarta Security with PBKDF2 hashing:
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```java
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// Custom PBKDF2 implementation via commons-codec
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public class MyPasswordHash {
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public static String hash(String password, String salt) {
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// PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1 via commons-codec
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}
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}
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```
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**mss-failsafe** uses Soteria (reference impl) + OmniFaces:
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```java
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// Declarative security via javax.security.enterprise
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// Soteria 1.0 handles identity stores + credential validation
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// OmniFaces provides programmatic JSF security utilities
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```
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Both projects enforce role separation at the WAR level via `WEB-INF/web.xml` security constraints — separate `/manager/` and `/user/` URL patterns with different role requirements.
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### Maven Multi-Module Pattern (mss-failsafe)
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Parent POM defines modules and shared properties:
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```xml
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<!-- mss-failsafe/pom.xml (parent) -->
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<packaging>pom</packaging>
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<modules>
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<module>mssfailsafe.datalayer</module> <!-- Build first: entities -->
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<module>userdata</module> <!-- Build second: security/utils -->
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<module>mssfailsafeWeblayer</module> <!-- Build third: web layer -->
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<module>mss</module> <!-- Build last: main app -->
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</modules>
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```
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Child modules inherit from parent:
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```xml
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<parent>
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<groupId>plate.software</groupId>
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<artifactId>mss-failsafe</artifactId>
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<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
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</parent>
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```
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## Build Tools
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| Tool | Version | Usage |
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| **Apache Maven** | 3.x | Build, dependency management, multi-module |
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| **maven-compiler-plugin** | 3.8.0 | Java source/target version configuration |
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| **maven-war-plugin** | 2.3 | WAR packaging, `failOnMissingWebXml=false` |
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| **NetBeans** | (various) | Original IDE — `nb-configuration.xml` in each module |
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| **JUnit** | 4.11 | Unit testing |
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| **Selenium** | 2.44.0 | UI/integration testing (wellmann-shop) |
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## Deployment Target: WildFly / JBoss
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Both projects deploy to WildFly (formerly JBoss):
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```
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WEB-INF/
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├── web.xml ← Standard Jakarta EE web descriptor
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├── jboss-web.xml ← WildFly context root + virtual host config
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├── jboss-app.xml ← WildFly application metadata
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├── faces-config.xml ← JSF navigation + managed bean config (wellmann-shop)
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└── beans.xml ← CDI activation (empty = all CDI beans discovered)
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```
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`beans.xml` presence in `WEB-INF/` activates CDI bean discovery for the WAR.
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## Technology Evolution: wellmann-shop → mss-failsafe
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| Aspect | wellmann-shop | mss-failsafe |
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| Java version | 8 | 11 |
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| PrimeFaces | 6.2 | 10.0.0 |
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| Logging | Log4j 1.2.17 | Log4j2 2.14.1 |
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| Security | Custom PBKDF2 | Soteria + OmniFaces |
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| Structure | Single WAR | Multi-module (4 modules) |
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| Domain model | Inline in WAR | Separate `datalayer` JAR |
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| PDF support | None | Apache PDFBox 2.0.13 |
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## Notes
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These projects predate Spring Boot and use classic Java EE patterns. They are reference implementations of enterprise Java architecture demonstrating:
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- JSF/Facelets templating with PrimeFaces rich components
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- CDI dependency injection without Spring
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- JPA/EclipseLink ORM without Spring Data
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- Jakarta Security without Spring Security
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- Maven multi-module without Spring Boot parent BOM
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Patrick built both projects entirely without AI assistance as hands-on learning — they represent deep practical expertise in the Jakarta EE ecosystem.
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